CUET UG 2026 Syllabus: Subject-Wise Topics, Exam Pattern & Preparation Guide

Introduction — CUET UG 2026 Syllabus

The CUET UG 2026 Syllabus is the foundation for students preparing for undergraduate admissions in central universities across India. Conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA), the CUET exam evaluates candidates on language skills, domain subjects, and general aptitude.

Understanding the latest syllabus helps students focus on the right topics, manage time effectively, and improve their chances of securing admission to top universities like Delhi University, BHU, JNU, and AMU.

In this article, you will get the complete CUET UG 2026 syllabus, exam pattern, subject list, and preparation strategy in a simple and easy-to-understand format.

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CUET UG 2026 Syllabus

Secondary Keywords

• CUET syllabus 2026
• CUET UG exam pattern
• CUET subject list
• CUET preparation tips
• CUET syllabus PDF

CUET UG 2026 Exam Overview

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CUET UG 2026 Syllabus Structure

The CUET UG 2026 syllabus is divided into three main sections:

Section I — Language Test

Languages Included

• English
• Hindi
• Sanskrit
• Urdu
• Punjabi
• Bengali
• Marathi
• Gujarati
• Tamil
• Telugu
• Kannada
• Malayalam
• Assamese

Topics Covered

• Reading Comprehension
• Vocabulary
• Grammar
• Synonyms and Antonyms
• Sentence Correction
• Verbal Ability

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Section II — Domain Subjects

Students can choose domain subjects based on their stream and university requirements.

Common Domain Subjects

• Mathematics
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Biology
• Accountancy
• Business Studies
• Economics
• History
• Geography
• Political Science
• Psychology
• Sociology

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Section III — General Test

Topics Covered

• General Knowledge
• Current Affairs
• Logical Reasoning
• Numerical Ability
• Quantitative Reasoning
• Data Interpretation
• Analytical Skills

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CUET UG 2026 Exam Pattern

Marking Scheme

• Correct Answer: +5 marks
• Wrong Answer: −1 mark
• Unattempted: 0 marks

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CUET UG 2026 Syllabus PDF Download

Students should always study from the official syllabus to avoid confusion.

You can download the latest syllabus from the official website of NTA.

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CUET UG 2026 Preparation Tips

1. Understand the Syllabus First

Read the complete syllabus carefully and identify important topics.

2. Focus on NCERT Books

Most questions in CUET are based on Class 12 NCERT concepts.

3. Practice Previous Year Questions

Solving PYQs helps understand the exam pattern and difficulty level.

4. Take Mock Tests Regularly

Mock tests improve speed and accuracy.

5. Revise Daily

Revision is essential to retain concepts.

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CUET UG 2026 Subjects List

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Why Understanding the CUET UG 2026 Syllabus is Important

Understanding the syllabus helps students:

• Focus on important topics
• Avoid unnecessary study material
• Improve time management
• Increase exam performance
• Boost confidence

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CUET UG 2026 Syllabus — Best Preparation Strategy

Follow this simple strategy:

1. Complete the syllabus once
2. Solve PYQs
3. Take mock tests
4. Revise weak topics
5. Practice daily

This method is widely used by top CUET rankers.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. What is the syllabus of CUET UG 2026?

The CUET UG 2026 syllabus is based on the Class 12 NCERT curriculum and includes language, domain subjects, and general test topics.

Q2. Is CUET syllabus the same as Class 12 syllabus?

Yes, most of the CUET syllabus is based on the Class 12 NCERT syllabus.

Q3. Who releases the CUET syllabus?

The National Testing Agency (NTA) releases the official CUET syllabus.

Q4. How many subjects can I choose in CUET?

Students can choose multiple subjects depending on university requirements.

Q5. Is the CUET exam difficult?

The difficulty level of CUET is considered moderate, similar to the Class 12 level.

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Conclusion

The CUET UG 2026 syllabus is the most important resource for students preparing for the exam. By understanding the subject-wise topics, exam pattern, and preparation strategy, candidates can plan their study effectively and achieve better results.

Make sure to study regularly, practice mock tests, and revise concepts to secure admission to your desired university.

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Syllabus for CUET UG 2026

Language for CUET UG 2026

English – 101

Questions from the Language Section will be from the following topics but are not limited to:

1. Reading Comprehension: There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words):

(a) Factual

(b) Narrative

(c) Literary

2. Verbal Ability

(a) Rearranging the parts

(b) Match the following

(c) Choosing the correct word

(d) Synonyms and Antonyms

 

Hindi – 102

Questions from the Language Section will be from the following topics but are not limited to:

1. Reading Comprehension: There will be three types of passages (maximum 300 words):

(a) Factual

(b) Narrative

(c) Literary

2. Verbal Ability

(a) Rearranging the parts

(b) Match the following

(c) Choosing the correct word

(d) Synonyms and Antonyms

Domain Subjects for CUET UG 2026

Accountancy / Book Keeping – 301

Unit I: Accounting for Partnership

• Nature of Partnership Firm: Partnership deed (meaning, importance).

• Accounts of Partnership: Fixed v/s Fluctuating capital, Division of profit among partners, Profit and Loss Appropriation account, guarantee of profit to a partner, past adjustments.

Unit II: Reconstitution of a Partnership firm

• Changes in profit sharing ratio among the existing partners – Sacrificing ratio and Gaining ratio.

• Accounting for Revaluation of Assets and reassessment of Liabilities and Distribution of reserves and accumulated profits.

• Goodwill: Nature, Factors affecting and Methods of valuation: Average profit, Super profit and Capitalisation methods.

• Admission of a Partner: Effect of admission of partner, Change in profit sharing ratio, Accounting treatment for goodwill, Revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, Reserves adjustment/distribution of (accumulated profits) and adjustment of capitals.

• Retirement/Death of a Partner: Change in profit sharing ratio, Accounting treatment of goodwill, Revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, Adjustment of Accumulated profits (Reserves), Preparation of deceased partner’s capital account and his executor’s account, Preparation of Loan Account.

Unit III: Dissolution of Partnership Firm

• Meaning, Settlement of accounts: Preparation of Realisation Account and related Accounts (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of a Partner).

Unit IV: Company Accounts:

Accounting for Share and Debenture Capital

• Features and type of companies.

• Share Capital: Meaning, Nature and Types

• Accounting for Share Capital: Issue and Allotment of Equity and Preference Shares; Over subscription and Under subscription; Issue at par and premium; Calls in advance, Calls in arrears, Issue of shares for consideration other than cash.

• Accounting treatment of Forfeiture of Shares and Re-issue of forfeited shares.

• Presentation of shares capital and Debentures in company’s balance sheet.

• Issue of Debenture – At par, premium and discount; Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash. Issue of debentures with terms of redemption, Debenture as collateral security- concept, Interest on debentures, writing off discount/Loss on issues of debenture.

Unit V: Analysis of Financial Statements

• Financial Statements of a Company: Preparation of simple financial statements of a company in the prescribed form with major headings and sub headings.

• Financial Analysis: Meaning, Significance, Purpose and Limitations.

• Tools for Financial Analysis: Comparative statements, Common size statements.

• Accounting Ratios: Meaning and Objectives and types: Liquidity Ratio, Solvency Ratio, Activity Ratio, Profitability Ratio.

• Cash Flow Statement: Meaning and Objectives, Preparation, Adjustments related to depreciation, amortization, dividend and tax, purchase and profit or loss on sale of noncurrent assets (as per revised standard issued by ICAI).

Optional to Unit V:

Computerised Accounting System

• Overview of Concept and Types of Computerised Accounting System (CAS).

• Features of a Computerised Accounting System, Advantages, limitations

• Structure of a Computerised Accounting System: chart of accounts, Codification and Hierarchy of account heads.

• Accounting information system (AIS).

• Accounting Applications of Electronic Spreadsheet.

• Features offered by Electronic Spreadsheet. Applications of Electronic Spreadsheet in generating accounting information, preparing reports using pivot Table, common errors in spreadsheet, depreciation schedule, loan repayment schedule, payroll accounting.

• Graphs and Charts in electronic spreadsheet for Business Data.

 

Business Studies – 305

Unit I: Nature and Significance of Management

• Management – concept, objectives, importance.

• Nature of management; Management as Science, Art, Profession.

• Levels of management – top, middle supervisory (First level).

• Management functions – planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling.

• Coordination – nature and importance.

Unit II: Principles of Management

• Principles of Management – meaning, nature and significance.

• Fayol’s principles of management.

• Taylor’s Scientific Management – Principles and Techniques.

Unit III: Business Environment

• Business Environment – meaning and importance.

• Dimensions of Business Environment – Economic, Social, Technological, Political and Legal.

Unit IV: Planning

• Meaning, features, importance, limitations.

• Planning process.

• Types of Plans – Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule, Budget, Programme.

Unit V: Organising

• Meaning and importance.

• Steps in the process of organising.

• Structure of organization – functional and divisional.

• Formal and informal organisation.

• Delegation: meaning, elements and importance.

• Decentralization: meaning and importance.

• Difference between delegation and decentralisation.

Unit VI: Staffing

• Meaning, need and importance of staffing.

• Staffing as a part of Human Resources Management.

• Steps in staffing process.

• Recruitment – meaning, process and sources, Merits and demerits of internal and external sources of recruitment.

• Selection – meaning and process.

• Training and Development – meaning, need, methods – on the job and off the job methods of training.

Unit VII: Directing

• Meaning, importance and principles.

• Elements of Direction: – Supervision – meaning and importance – Motivation – meaning and importance, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; Financial and non- financial incentives. – Leadership – meaning, importance, style- authoritative, democratic and laissez-faire. – Communication – meaning and importance, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication, how to over come the barriers?

Unit VIII: Controlling

• Meaning and importance.

• Relationship between planning and controlling.

• Steps in the process of control.

Unit IX: Business Finance

• Business finance – meaning, role, objectives of financial management.

• Financial decisions: investing, financing and dividend-Meaning and factors affecting.

• Financial planning – meaning and importance.

• Capital Structure – meaning and factors.

• Fixed and Working Capital – meaning and factors affecting their requirements.

Unit X: Financial Markets

• Concept of Financial Market

• Money Market: Concept, instruments.

• Capital market and its types (primary and secondary market)

• Stock Exchange-Functions, trading procedure.

• Depository services and demat account.

• Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) – Objectives, Functions.

Unit XI: Marketing

• Marketing – meaning, functions, role and philosophies.

• Distinction between marketing and selling.

• Marketing mix – concept and elements: – Product – nature, classification, branding, labeling and packaging – Physical distribution: meaning, role; Components, Channels of distribution, – meaning, types, factors determining choice of channels. – Promotion – meaning and role, promotion mix, Advertising, Personal selling sales promotion and public relation, Role of Advertising, objections to Advertising. – Price: factors influencing pricing.

Unit XII: Consumer Protection

• Meaning and concept.

• Meaning, Importance of consumer protection.

• The Consumer protection Act,2019. [http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210422.pdf]

• Consumer rights.

• Consumer responsibilities.

• Who can file a complaint?

• Ways and means of consumer protection – Consumer awareness and legal redressal with special reference to Consumer protection Act 2019, Remedies available.

• Role of consumer organizations and NGOs.

 

Biology/Biological Science/Biotechnology/ Biochemistry – 304

Unit-VI: Reproduction

1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Pre-fertilisation: structure and events – stamen, microsporangium and pollen grain, pistil, megasporangium and embryo sac; Development of male (microsporogenesis) and female gametophyte (megasporogenesis); Pollination – types, agents and examples; Out breeding devices; Pollen-pistil interaction; Double fertilisation; Post fertilisation: structure and events – development of endosperm and embryo; Formation of seed and fruit and parthenocarpy; Significance of seed in angiosperms; Apomixis and polyembryony.

2. Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive system; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis – spermatogenesis and oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and embryonic development and placenta; Parturition and lactation.

3. Reproductive Health: Problems and strategies – amniocentesis; Population stabilisation and birth control – various methods of contraception; Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); Sexually transmitted infections (STIs); Infertility – Assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI and IUI).

Unit-VII: Genetics and Evolution

1. Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendel’s law of inheritance: Inheritance of one gene – Law of dominance, law of segregation (test and back cross); Deviation from Mendelism – incomplete dominance and co-dominance; Multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups; Inheritance of two genes – law of independent assortment, dihybrid cross; Chromosomal theory of inheritance; Linkage and recombination; Polygenic inheritance; Pleiotropy; Sex determination in humans, birds and honey bee; Mutation; Genetic disorders – pedigree analysis, Mendelian disorders (colour blindness, haemophilia, sickle-cell anaemia, phenylketonuria and thalassemia), chromosomal disorders in humans (aneuploidy, polyploidy, Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome).

2. Molecular Basis of Inheritance: Structure and packaging of DNA helix; Search for genetic material (transforming principle and Hershey-Chase experiment); Properties of genetic material; Replication (Meselson and Stahl’s experiment); Transcription – transcription unit and gene; RNA world – types of RNA and process of transcription; Genetic code and mutations; tRNA; Translation; Regulation of gene expression – Lac operon; Human Genome Project (goals, salient features and applications); DNA fingerprinting (polymorphism and VNTR).

3. Evolution: Origin of life – Miller’s experiment; Concepts of evolution (Darwin’s contribution); Evidences for evolution (embryology, paleontology, comparative anatomy, divergent and convergent evolution and industrial evolution); Adaptive radiation; Biological evolution; Natural selection; Mechanism of evolution; Hardy-Weinberg principle and affecting factors (gene migration, genetic drift, mutation, recombination and natural selection); Evolution of plants and vertebrates through geological periods; Origin and evolution of man. 2

Unit-VIII: Biology and Human Welfare

1. Human Health and Disease: Introduction about health; Common diseases in humans (typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, malaria, amoebiasis, ascariasis, filariasis and ringworms); Immunity – innate and acquired immunity, active and passive immunity, vaccination and immunisation, allergies, auto-immunity and immune system in human; AIDS; Cancer; Drugs and alcohol abuse – adolescence, addiction, effects of drug abuse, prevention and control.

2. Microbes in Human Welfare: Microbes in household products; Microbes in industrial products – beverages, antibiotics, enzymes and bioactive molecules; Microbes in sewage treatment and production of biogas, Microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilisers.

Unit-IX: Biotechnology and its Applications

1. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes: Principles of biotechnology; Tools of recombinant DNA technology – restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, competent host; Processes of rDNA technology – isolation, amplification of gene (PCR), insertion of rDNA in host and bioreactors; Downstream processing.

2. Biotechnology and its Applications: Application of biotechnology in agriculture – tissue culture, genetically modified organisms, Bt cotton, RNA interference; Biotechnology in medicine – insulin, gene therapy and molecular diagnosis; Transgenic animals; Ethical issues – biopiracy and patents.

Unit-X: Ecology and Environment

1. Organisms and Populations: Population attributes – birth and death rate, age pyramids; Population growth – exponential and logistic growth; Life history variation; Population interactions – predation, competition, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism and amensalism.

2. Ecosystem: Structure and function; Productivity; Decomposition; Energy flow – different trophic levels, food chain and food web; Ecological pyramids – pyramid of energy, biomass and number.

3. Biodiversity and Conservation: Biodiversity – concept, patterns and importance; Causes of biodiversity loss; Biodiversity conservation – approaches (narrowly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical); Methods of biodiversity conservation – in situ (endemism, hotspots and sacred groves etc.), ex situ (Wildlife safaris, zoological parks and cryopreservation etc.).

 

Chemistry – 306

Unit I: Solutions

Introduction to solution and its type, expressing concentration of solutions, solubility of a solid in liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry’s Law, vapour pressure of liquid-liquid solutions, Raoult’s law Vapour Pressure of Solutions of Solids in Liquids, Ideal & Non Ideal Solutions, Azeotropes (elementary idea only), Colligative properties and Determination of Molar Mass: Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression of Freezing point, Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure, Reverse Osmosis & Water Purification, Abnormal Molar Masses, Van’t Hoff factor

Unit II: Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Cells, Galvanic Cells, Standard Electrode potential and its measurement, EMF of cell, Nernst Equation & its applications (calculation of equilibrium constant and Ecell calculations), Electrochemical Cell & Gibbs Energy of the reaction, Conductance of electrolytic Solutions, Measurement of the conductivity of Ionic Solutions, Specific & Molar Conductivity, Variation of Conductivity and molar conductivity with Concentration, Kohlrausch law & its applications, Electrolytic Cells & Electrolysis, Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis, Products of Electrolysis, Batteries- Primary & Secondary batteries, fuel cell, Corrosion.

Unit III: Chemical Kinetics

Introduction to chemical kinetics, Rate of a chemical reaction (Average and instantaneous rate of reactions), factors influencing rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst, Rate law and rate constant, order and molecularity of a reaction, integrated rate equations and half-life of a reaction (for zero and first order reactions only), pseudo first order reactions, Arrhenius equation, activation energy, collision theory for a bimolecular elementary chemical reactions and its limitations.

Unit IV: d and f Block Elements

General introduction to d and f-block elements, Position of d- and f-block elements in the periodic Table, Electronic configurations of the d- and f-block elements, general properties of the transition elements & their trends:- Physical properties, atomic & ionic sizes- lanthanoid contraction, Ionisation Enthalpies, Oxidation states, Standard electrode potential trends for M2+/M & M3+/M2+, Stability of Higher oxidation states, Chemical reactivity and E° values, Magnetic properties, Formation of coloured Ions, Formation of Complex compounds, Catalytic properties, Formation of Interstitial Compounds, Alloy Formation, Nature of Oxides & Oxanions of d-block Metals, Some important compounds of transition elements- K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4, f-block elements: 2 | Page Lanthanoids & actinoids: general properties, Atomic & Ionic sizes, Oxidation States, Comparison of actinoids with Lanthanoids, Applications of d-and f- Block elements,

Unit V: Coordination Compounds

General Introduction to Coordination/complex compounds, Werner’s theory, double salts, Basic definitions: coordination entity, central atom/ion, Ligands, coordination number, coordination sphere, coordination polyhedron, oxidation number of central atom, homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, Isomerism in coordination compounds, Bonding in coordination compounds- Valence Bond theory (VBT) and its limitations, crystal field theory (CFT): applications (magnetic properties and colour of complex compounds) and limitations, spectrochemical series, Shape and Bonding in metal carbonyls, Importance & Applications of coordination compounds.

Unit VI: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Introduction, Classification of haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Nomenclature of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes, nature of C-X Bond, Methods of preparation of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes, Physical properties of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes (like Melting & boiling Point, Density and Solubility), Chemical Properties of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Stereochemical aspects (optical activity, Chirality, retention, inversion, racemization etc) of SN- Reactions of Haloalkanes, Important Polyhalogen Compounds (CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃,CHI₃, CCl₄, freons & DDT).

Unit VII: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Classification & nomenclature of alcohols, phenols & Ethers, Structures of functional groups (alcohol, phenols & ethers), Methods of preparation of alcohols, Phenols and Ethers, Physical properties of alcohols, phenols and Ethers (boiling point & solubility), Chemical properties of alcohols involving cleavage of –C-OH bond & -CO-H bond, Chemical properties of phenols including oxidation & Reduction, Chemical properties of Ethers, Some Commercially important Alcohols like methanol & Ethanol.

Unit VIII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

General introduction to carbonyl compounds, Nomenclature of Aldehydes, Ketones and carboxylic acids, structure of Carbonyl group, Methods of preparation of Aldehydes & Ketones, Physical properties of aldehydes & ketones (boiling point & solubility), Chemical properties of aldehydes & ketones, Uses of Aldehydes & Ketones, Structure of Carboxyl group, Methods of preparation of Carboxylic Acids, Physical properties (Boiling point & Solubility) and Chemical properties of carboxylic acids, Uses of Carboxylic Acids.

Unit IX: Amines

General Introduction, Structure of Amines, Classification & Nomenclature of amines, Methods of preparation of Amines, Physical properties of amines (Boiling point & solubility), Basic Character & Chemical properties of amines, Aliphatic & aromatic Diazonium salts: Method of preparation, Physical and chemical properties, Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthesis of aromatic Compounds.

Unit X: Biomolecules Carbohydrates

Classification of carbohydrates, Methods of preparation of glucose, Structure of Glucose, D&L configuration of monosaccharides, method of preparation of fructose, structure of fructose, disaccharides: sucrose, maltose and lactose, polysaccharides: starch, cellulose and glycogen, importance of carbohydrates, amino acids and their classifications, structure and types of proteins, denaturation of proteins, enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action (elementary idea), Vitamins: Types, sources and deficiency diseases, Nucleic acids: types, composition, structure and biological importance, Hormones: classification, biological importance and deficiency diseases.

Mathematics/ Applied Mathematics – 319

Section A1 1. Algebra (iv). Application of Integration as area under the curve (simple curve) (i) Matrices and types of Matrices (ii) Equality of Matrices, transpose of a Matrix, Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrix 4. Differential Equations (iii) Algebra of Matrices (i) Order and degree of differential equations (iv) Determinants (ii) Solving of differential equations with variable separable (v) Inverse of a Matrix (vi) Solving of simultaneous equations using Matrix Method 5. Probability Distributions Simple Probability 2. Calculus (i) Higher order derivatives upto (second order) 6. Linear Programming (ii) Increasing and Decreasing Functions (i) Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables (iii). Maxima and Minima (ii) Feasible and infeasible regions (iii). Optimal feasible solution 3. Integration and its Applications (i) Indefinite integrals of simple functions (ii) Evaluation of indefinite integrals (iii) Definite Integrals Section B1: Mathematics UNIT I: RELATIONSAND FUNCTIONS 1. Relations and Functions Types of relations: Reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions. 2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. UNIT II: ALGEBRA 1. Matrices Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operations on matrices: Addition, multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non- zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse,if it exists;(Here all matrices will have real entries). 2. Determinants Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 × 3 matrices), minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix. UNIT III: CALCULUS 1. Continuity and Differentiability Continuity and differentiability, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, like sin−1 𝑥 , cos−1 𝑥 and tan−1 𝑥, derivative of implicit functions. Concepts of exponential, logarithmic functions. Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second-order derivatives. 2. Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations). 3. Integrals Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them. 𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑥2 + 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 , ∫ , ∫ √𝑥2 ± 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 𝑎2 − 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 , ∫ , ∫ √𝑎2 − 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑥 , ∫ , √𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)𝑑𝑥 ∫ , ∫ 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 (𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞)𝑑𝑥 √𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 , ∫ √𝑎2 ± 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 , ∫ √𝑥2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥,∫√𝑎𝑥2+𝑏𝑥+𝑐𝑑𝑥 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integralsand evaluation of definite integrals. 4. Applications of the Integrals Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only) 5. Differential Equations Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type: dy + Py = Q , where P and Q are functions of x or constants dx dx + Px dy = Q , where P and Q are functions of y or constants UNIT IV: VECTORSAND THREE-DIMENSIONALGEOMETRY 1. Vectors Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of vectors. 2. Three-dimensional Geometry Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector equation of a line, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Angle between two lines. Unit V: Linear Programming Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints). UnitVI: Probability Conditional probability, Multiplications theorem on probability, independent events, total probability, Baye’s theorem. Section B2: Applied Mathematics Unit I: Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications A. Modulo Arithmetic • Define modulus of an integer • Apply arithmetic operations using modular arithmetic rules B. Congruence Modulo • Define congruence modulo • Apply the definition in various problems C. Allegation and Mixture • Understand the rule of allegation to produce a mixture at a given price • Determine the mean price of a mixture • Apply rule of allegation D. Numerical Problems • Solve real life problems mathematically E. Boats and Streams • Distinguish between upstream and downstream • Express the problem in the form of an equation F. Pipes and Cisterns • Determine the time taken by two or more pipes to fill or empty the tank G. Races and Games • Compare the performance of two players w.r.t. time, distance H. Numerical Inequalities • Describe the basic concepts of numerical inequalities • Understand and write numerical inequalities UNIT II: ALGEBRA A. Matrices and types of matrices • Define matrix • Identify different kinds of matrices B. Equality of matrices, Transpose of a matrix, Symmetric and Skew symmetric matrix • Determine equality of two matrices • Write transpose of given matrix • Define symmetric and skew symmetric matrix C. Algebra of Matrices ● Perform operations like addition & subtraction on matrices of same order ● Perform multiplication of two matrices of appropriate order ● Perform multiplication of a scalar with matrix D. Determinant of Matrices ● Determinant of a square matrix ● Use elementary properties of determinants ● Singular matrix, Non-singular matrix ● |AB|=|A||B| ● Simple problems to find determinant value E. Inverse of a Matrix • Define the inverse of a square matrix • Apply properties of inverse of matrices • Inverse of a matrix using: a) cofactors If A and B are invertible square matrices of same size, i) (AB)-1=B-1 A-1 ii) (A-1)-1 =A iii) (AT) -1 = (A-1) T F. Solving system of simultaneous equations (upto three variables only (non- homogeneous equations)) UNIT III: CALCULUS A. Higher Order Derivatives • Determine second and higher order derivatives upto second order derivatives • Understand differentiation of parametric functions and implicit functions B. Application of Derivatives • Determine the rate of change of various quantities C. Marginal Cost and Marginal Revenue using derivatives • Define marginal cost and marginal revenue • Find marginal cost and marginal revenue D. Increasing/Decreasing Functions • Determine whether a function is increasing or decreasing • Determine the conditions for a function to be increasing or decreasing E. Maxima and Minima • Determine critical points of the function • Find the point(s) of local maxima and local minima and corresponding local maximum and local minimum values • Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum value of a function • Solve applied problems F. Integration • Understand and determine indefinite integrals of simple functions as anti-derivative G. Indefinite integrals as family of curves • Evaluate indefinite integrals of simple algebraic functions by methods of (i) substitution (ii) partial fraction (iii) by parts H. Definite Integral as area under the curve • Define definite integral as area under the curve(non-trigonometric function) • Understand fundamental theorem of integral calculus and apply it to evaluate the definite integral • Apply properties of definite integrals to solve problems I. Application of Integration • Identify the region representing C.S. and P.S. graphically • Apply the definite integral to find consumer surplus-producer surplus J. Differential Equations • Recognize a differential equation • Find the order and degree of a differential equation K. Formulating and solving differential equations • Formulate differential equations 1 | P a g e • Verify the solution of differential equation • Solve simple differential equation UNIT IV: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS A. Probability Distribution • Understand the concept of Random Variables and its Probability Distributions • Find probability distribution of discrete random variable B. Mathematical Expectation • Apply arithmetic mean of frequency distribution to find the expected value of a random variable C. Variance • Calculate the Variance and S.D. of a random variable D. Binomial Distribution • Identify the Bernoulli Trials and apply Binomial Distribution • Evaluate Mean, Variance and S.D. of a Binomial Distribution E. Poisson Distribution • Understand the conditions of Poisson Distribution • Evaluate the Mean and Variance of Poisson distribution F. Normal Distribution • Understand normal distribution is a continuous distribution • Evaluate value of Standard normal variate • Area relationship between Mean and Standard Deviation UNIT V: TIME BASED DATA A. Time Series • Identify time series as chronological data B. Components of Time Series • Distinguish between different components of time series C. Time Series analysis for univariate data • Solve practical problems based on statistical data and Interpret D. Secular trend • Understand the long term tendency E. Methods of Measuring trend • Demonstrate the techniques of finding trend by different methods UNIT VI: INFERENTIAL STATISTICS 2 | P a g e A. Population and Sample • Define Population and Sample • Differentiate between population and sample • Define a representative sample from a population • Differentiate between a representative and a non-representative sample • Draw a representative sample using simple random sampling • Draw a representative sample using a systematic random sampling B. Parameter and Statistics and Statistical Interferences • Define Parameter with reference to Population • Define Statistics with reference to Sample • Explain the relation between Parameter and Statistic • Explain the limitation of Statistic to generalize the estimation for population • Interpret the concept of Statistical Significance and Statistical Inferences • Central Limit Theorem • Explain the relation between Population-Sampling Distribution-Sample C. t-Test (one sample t-test for a small group sample ) • Define a hypothesis • Differentiate between Null and Alternate hypothesis • Define and calculate degree of freedom • Test Null hypothesis and make inferences using t-test statistic for one group. UNIT VII: FINANCIAL MATHEMATICS A. Perpetuity, Sinking Funds • Explain the concept of perpetuity and sinking fund • Calculate perpetuity • Differentiate between sinking fund and saving account B. Calculation of EMI • Explain the concept of EMI • Calculate EMI using various methods C. Calculation of Returns, Nominal Rate of Return • Explain the concept of rate of return and nominal rate of return • Calculate rate of return and nominal rate of return D. Compound Annual Growth Rate • Understand the concept of Compound Annual Growth Rate • Differentiate between Compound Annual Growth rate and Annual Growth Rate • Calculate Compound Annual Growth Rate E. Linear method of Depreciation • Concept of linear method of Depreciation • Interpret cost, residual value and useful life of an asset from the given information • Depreciation F. Valuation of Bonds: • Concept of bond and related terms. • Value of bond using present value approach UNIT VIII: LINEAR PROGRAMMING A. Introduction and related terminology • Familiarize with terms related to Linear Programming Problem B. Mathematical formulation of Linear Programming Problem • Formulate Linear Programming Problem C. Different types of Linear Programming Problems • Identify and formulate different types of LPP D. Graphical Method of Solution for problems in two Variables • Draw the Graph for a system of linear inequalities involving two variables and to find its solution graphically E. Feasible and Infeasible Regions • Identify feasible, infeasible and bounded regions F. Feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solution • Understand feasible and infeasible solutions • Find optimal feasible solution

Physics – 322

Unit 1: Electrostatics ● Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-force between two- point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution, electric dipole. ● Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two- point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. ● Electric field, electric field lines electric field due to a point charge, electric field due to a dipole, torque on a dipole in an uniform electric field. ● Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside). ● Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor. Unit 2: Current Electricity ● Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity, mobility and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, V-I characteristics (linear and non- linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, temperature dependence of resistance, Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. ● Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone bridge. Unit 3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism ● Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot – Savart law and its application to the current carrying circular loop. ● Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. The solenoid, force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. ● Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field, force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere, current loop as a magnetic 3 | P a g e dipole and its magnetic dipole moment, torque experienced by a current loop in uniform magnetic field. ● Moving coil galvanometer- its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. ● Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines, magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis, torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field. ● Magnetic properties of materials- Para-, dia- and ferro – magnetic substances with examples, Magnetization of materials, effect of temperature on magnetic properties. Unit 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents ● Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s laws, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Self and mutual induction. ● Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, phasors, resonance, power in AC circuits, power factor, wattless current. ● AC generator, Transformer. Unit 5: Electromagnetic Waves ● Concept of displacement current. ● Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, and their transverse nature. ● Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses. Unit 6: Optics ● Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction and dispersion of light through a prism. ● Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers. ● Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of plane waves at a plane surface using wave fronts. ● Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. 4 | P a g e ● Coherent sources and interference of light, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width. ● Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima. Unit 7: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation • Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation. • Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light. Experimental study of photoelectric effect. Unit 8: Atoms and Nuclei ● Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model of hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of an orbit, velocity and energy of electron in an orbit, hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only). ● Composition and size of nucleus, atomic number , atomic mass number, isotopes, isobars and isotones, nuclear force, Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number; nuclear fission, nuclear fusion. Unit 9: Electronic Devices ● Energy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only). ● Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-type and n-type, p-n junction Semiconductor diode its I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias. ● Application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier.

Computer Science/Informatics Practices – 308

Section A 1: Database Concepts  Introduction to database concepts, difference between database and file system, relational data model: concept of domain, tuple, relation, keys – candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key.  Relational algebra: selection, projection, union, set difference and cartesian product. 2: Structured Query Language – I  Advantages of using Structured Query Language, Data Definition Language, Data Query Language and Data Manipulation Language, Introduction to MySQL, creating a database using MySQL, Data Types  Data Definition: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE,  Data Query: SELECT, FROM, WHERE.  Data Manipulation: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE  Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().  Text functions: UCASE () / UPPER (), LCASE () / LOWER (), MID () / SUBSTRING () / SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM (). 3: Structured Query Language – II  Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ().  Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (), using COUNT (*).  Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.  Operations on Relations – Union, Intersection, Minus, Cartesian Product, JOIN. 2 | Page 4: Computer Networks  Introduction to computer networks, Evolution of networking,  Network types: LAN, WAN, MAN  Network devices: Modem, Ethernet Card, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway. Network Topologies: Mesh, Ring, Bus, Star, and Tree topologies.  Basic concept of MAC and IP Address difference between Internet and web. Section B1: Computer Science 1: Exception and File Handling in Python  Exception Handling: syntax errors, exceptions, need of exception handling, userdefined exceptions, raising exceptions, handling exceptions, catching exceptions, Try – except – else clause, Try – finally clause, recovering and continuing with finally, builtin exception classes.  File Handling: text file and binary file, file types, open and close files, reading and writing text files, reading and writing binary files using pickle module, file access modes. Setting Offsets in a File 2: Stack  Stack (List Implementation): Introduction to stack (LIFO Operations), operations on stack (PUSH and POP) and its implementation in python. Expressions in Prefix, Infix and postfix notations, evaluating arithmetic (Postfix) expressions using stack, conversion of Infix expression to postfix expression. 3 | Page 3: Queue  Queue (List Implementation): Introduction to Queue (FIFO), Operations on Queue (INSERT and DELETE) and its implementation in Python.  Introduction to Deque and its implementation in Python. 4: Searching  Searching: Sequential search, Binary search, Analysis of Sequential and Binary Search. Dry run to identify best, worst and average cases. Implementation of searching techniques in Python.  Hashing: Hash Functions, Collision Resolution. 5: Sorting  Overview of sorting techniques, Bubble Sort, Selection Sort and Insertion Sort. Dry run to identify best, worst and average cases. Implementation of sorting techniques in Python. 6: Understanding Data  Data and its purpose, collection and organization; understanding data using statistical methods: mean, median, mode (Measures of central tendency), (Measures of Variability) range ,standard deviation. variance; data interpretation. 7: Database Concepts  Introduction to database concepts, difference between database and file system, relational data model: concept of domain, tuple, relation, keys – candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key;  Relational algebra: selection, projection, union, set difference and cartesian product. 4 | Page 8: Structured Query Language  Advantages of using Structured Query Language, Data Definition Language, Data Query Language and Data Manipulation Language, Introduction to MySQL, creating a database using MySQL, Data Types and constraints in MySQL  Data Definition: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE.  Data Query: SELECT, FROM, WHERE.  Data Manipulation: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.  Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().  Text functions: UCASE () / UPPER (), LCASE () / LOWER (), MID () / SUBSTRING () / SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ().  Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ().  Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (), using COUNT (*).  Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.  Operations on Relations – Union, Intersection, Minus, Cartesian Product, JOIN. 9: Computer Networks  Introduction to computer networks, Evolution of networking,  Network types: LAN, WAN, MAN  Network devices: Modem, Ethernet Card, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway. Network Topologies: Mesh, Ring, Bus, Star, and Tree topologies  Basic concept of MAC and IP Address.  Difference between Internet and web  Domain Name System 5 | Page 10: Data Communication  Concept of communication, Types of Data Communication, switching techniques.  Communication Media: Wired Technologies – Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Ethernet Cable, Optical Fibre.  Introduction to mobile telecommunication technologies.  Wireless Technologies – Bluetooth, WLAN, Infrared, Microwave.  Network Protocol: Need for Protocol, Categorization and Examples of protocol, HTTP, FTP, IP, PPP; electronic mail protocol.  Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data Transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps). 11: Security Aspects  Threats and prevention: Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spam, Cookies, Adware, Firewall, http vs https.  Network Security Concepts: Firewall, Cookies, Hackers and Crackers  Antivirus and their workings  Network security threats: Denial of service, Intrusion problems, Snooping, Eavesdropping. 6 | Page Section B2: Informatics Practices 1: Database Query using SQL  Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().  Text functions: UCASE () / UPPER (), LCASE () / LOWER (), MID () / SUBSTRING () / SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ().  Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ().  Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (), using COUNT (*).  Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.  Operations on Relations – Union, Intersection, Minus, Cartesian Product, JOIN 2: Data Handling using Pandas – I  Introduction to Python libraries-Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib.  Data structures in Pandas – Series and DataFrames.  Series: Creation of Series from – and array, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical operations; Head and Tail functions; Selection, Indexing, and Slicing.  DataFrames: creation – from dictionary of Series, list of dictionaries, Text/CSV files; display; iteration; Operations on Rows and columns: add, select, delete, rename; Head and Tail functions; Indexing using Labels, Boolean Indexing; Styling & Formatting data, Head and Tail functions; Joining, Merging and Concatenations.  Importing/Exporting Data between CSV files and DataFrames. 7 | Page 3: Data Handling using Pandas – II  Descriptive Statistics: max, min, count, sum, mean, median, mode, quartile, Standard deviation, variance.  DataFrame operations: Aggregation, group by, Sorting, Deleting and Renaming Index, Pivoting.  Handling missing values – dropping and filling.  Importing/Exporting Data between MySQL database and Pandas. 4: Plotting Data using Matplotlib  Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving t h e following types of plots using Matplotlib – line plot, bargraph, histogram, pie chart, frequency polygon, box plot, and scatter plot.  Customizing plots: color, style (dashed, dotted), width; adding label, title, and legend in plots. 5: Introduction to Computer Networks  Introduction to Networks, Types of networks: LAN, MAN, WAN.  Network Devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway.  Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh.  Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW, and its applications- Web, email, Chat, VoIP.  Website: Introduction, the difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic web page, webserver, and hosting of a website.  Web Browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and plug- ins, cookies. 6: Societal Impacts  Digital footprint, Etiquettes for Net surfing and for communicating through social media, data protection, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and their violation, plagiarism licensing and copyrights, Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS), creative commons, Cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyberbullying, 8 | Page Overview of Indian IT Act, preventing cybercrime.  E-waste: Hazards and management.  Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology-like effect on eyesight, physiological issues, and ergonomic aspects. 7: Project Based Learning  Approaches for Solving Projects, Steps in project-based learning, Teamwork, Components of Teamwork

Economics/Business Economics – 309

Course I Introductory Microeconomics Unit I: Introduction, Theory of Consumer Behaviour  What is microeconomics?  Central problems of an economy  Consumer’s Equilibrium: meaning and attainment of equilibrium through Utility Approach: One and two commodity cases, Consumers Budget and Optimal choice of the consumer.  Demand: market demand, determinants of demand, demand schedule, demand curve, movement along and shifts in the demand curve, price elasticity of demand, measurement of price elasticity of demand – percentage, total expenditure, factor determining price elasticity of demand for a good. Unit II: Production and Costs.  Production function: Short run and Long run production function  Shapes of TP, MP and AP curves  Cost and Revenue: Concepts of costs; short-run cost curves (fixed and variable costs; total, average and marginal costs); concepts of revenue – total, average and marginal revenue and their relationship. Producer’s equilibrium – with the help of MC and MR. Unit III: The Theory of the firms under perfect competition  Features of perfect competition  Profit maximization.  Price determination under perfect competition – equilibrium price, effects of shifts in demand and supply.  Supply: market supply, determinants of supply, supply schedule, supply curve movement along and shifts in supply curve, price elasticity of supply, measurement of price elasticity of supply. Unit IV: Market Equilibrium and Simple Applications  Market equilibrium, excess demand, excess supply,  Applications:=- Price ceiling and Price flooring. Course II Introductory Macroeconomics Unit I: Introduction and National Income Accounting 2 | Page  What is macroeconomics?  Basic concepts in macroeconomics:  Circular flow of income; Methods of calculating National Income – Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method  Aggregates related to National Income: Factor Cost, Basic Prices and Market Price. GDP and Welfare Unit II: Money and Banking  Meaning and functions, supply of money – Money Creation and Money Multiplier.  Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India)  Policy tools to control money supply. Unit III: Determination of Income and Employment  Aggregate demand and its components.  Determination of Income in two sector model.  Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them – changes in government spending, taxes and money supply  Multiplier mechanism. Unit IV: Government Budget and the Economy  Government budget – meaning, objectives and components  Classification of receipts – revenue receipts and capital receipts;  Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.  Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit. Unit V: Open Economy Macroeconomics  Balance of payments account – meaning and components;  Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit  Foreign exchange rate – meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Merits and demerits of exchange rate regimes.  Determination of exchange rate.  Managed Floating Course III: Indian Economic Development Unit I: Development Policies and Experience (1947-90) 3 | Page  A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence.  Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans  Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade. Unit II Economic Reforms since 1991: Macroeconomics: Meaning.  Economic Reforms since 1991:  Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Unit III: Current challenges facing the Indian Economy  Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India  Rural development: Key issues – credit and marketing – role of cooperatives; agricultural market system, Agriculture diversification; alternative farming – organic farming  Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies  Environment and Sustainable Development: Definition and Functions, State of India’s environment, Strategies for sustainable development. Unit IV: Development Experiences of India: A comparison with neighbours.  A comparison with neighbours.  Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators.  Development Strategies.

GEOGRAPHY / GEOLOGY – 313

A. Fundamentals of Human Geography Unit – I: Human Geography – Nature and Scope Unit – II: People • Population of the world- distribution, density and growth; • Population change – spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change; • Human development – concept; selected indicators, international comparisons. Unit – III: Human Activities • Primary activities – concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agriculture and allied activities – some examples from selected countries; • Secondary activities – concept; manufacturing; agro-processing, household, smallscale, large-scale Industries, people engaged in secondary activities • Tertiary activities – some examples from selected countries; • Quaternary activities – concept; knowledge-based industries; people engaged in quaternary activities – some examples from selected countries. Unit – IV: Transport, Communication and Trade • Land transport – roads, railways – rail network; trans – continental railways; • Water transport – inland waterways; major ocean routes; • Air transport – Intercontinental air routes ; • Oil and gas pipelines; • Satellite communication and cyberspace ; • International trade – basis and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade, role of WTO in International trade. 2 B. India: People and Economy Unit – I: People • Population – distribution density and growth, composition of population-linguistic and religious, rural – urban population occupational; change through time-regional variations. Unit – II: Human Settlements • Rural settlements – Types and distribution. • Urban settlements – Types, distribution and functional classification. Unit – III: Resources and Development • Land resources-general land use; agriculture land use – major crops; agricultural development and problems, common property resources. • Water resources – availability and utilization – irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods – rain water harvesting and watershed management. • Mineral and energy resources – metallic and non-metallic minerals and their distribution; conventional and non-conventional energy sources. • Planning in India – target area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study). Unit – IV: Transport, Communication and International Trade • Transport and communication – roads, railways, waterways and airways; oil and gas pipelines; communication networking – radio, television, satellite and internet. • International trade – changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; seaports and their hinterland and airports. Unit – V: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems • Environmental pollution ; Urban – waste disposal ; • Urbanization-rural-urban migration; problems of slums; • Land degradation.

History – 314

HISTORY Themes in Indian History. Themes in Indian History (Part – I) Theme – I  Harappan Civilisation and Archaeology Theme – II  Political and Economic Systems in Early States: Inscriptional Evidences Theme – III  Social Histories of Early Societies: Mahabharata Theme – IV  History of Buddhism and Jainism: Cultural Developments Themes in Indian History (Part – II) Theme – V  Medieval Society through Travellers Accounts Theme – VI  Religious History: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions Theme – VII  Vijayanagara Empire: Politics, Economy and Architecture Theme – VIII  The Mughal Empire and Agrarian Society Themes in Indian History (Part – III) Theme – IX  Colonialism and Rural Society: Evidence from Official Reports Theme – X  Revolt of 1857: Patterns and Representations Theme – XI  Mahatma Gandhi and National Movements Theme – XII  The Making of the Constitution

Political Science – 323

Political in India Since Independence. Course Content 1. Era of One-Party Dominance: First three general elections, nature of Congress dominance at the National level, uneven dominance at the state level, coalitional nature of Congress. Major opposition parties. 2. Nation – Building and Its Problems: Nehru’s approach to nation-building: Legacy of partition: challenge of ‘refugee’ resettlement, the Kashmir problem. Organisation and reorgansation of states; Political conflicts over language. 3. Politics of Planned Development: Five year plans, expansion of state sector and the rise of new economic interest. 4. India’s External Relation: Nehru’s foreign policy. Sino-Indian war of 1962, Indo-Pak war of 1965 and 1971. India’s nuclear programme and shifting alliance in world politics. 5. Challenge to and Restoration of Congress System: Political succession after Nehru. NonCongressism and electoral upset of 1967, Congress split and reconstitution, Congress’ victory in 1971 elections, politics of ‘garibi hatao’. 6. Crises of the Constitutional Order: Search for ‘committed’ bureaucracy and judiciary. Navnirman movement in Gujarat and the Bihar movement. Emergency: context, constitutional and extraconstitutional dimensions, resistance to emergency. 1977 elections and the formation of Janata Party. Rise of civil liberties organisations. 7. Regional Aspiration and Conflicts: Rise of regional parties. Punjab crisis and the anti-Sikh riots of 1984. The Kashmir situation. Challenges and responses in the North East. 8. Democratic Upsurge and Coalition Politics: Participatory upsurge in 1990s. Rise of the JD and the BJP. Increasing role of regional parties and coalition politics. UF and NDA governments. Elections 2004-2019 and UPA government with addition of NDA government. 9. Recent Issues and Challenges: Challenge of and responses to globalization: new economic policy and its opposition. Rise of OBCs in North Indian politics. Dalit politics in electoral and non-electoral arena. Challenge of communalism: Ayodhya issue. 2 | Page Contemporary World Politics. Course Content 1. Disintegration of the ‘Second World’ and the Collapse of Bipolarity: New entities in world politics: Russia, Balkan states and, Central Asian states, Introduction of democratic politics and capitalism in postcommunist regimes. India’s relations with Russia and other post-communist countries. 2. Alternative Centers of Economic and Political Power: Rise of China as an economic power in postMao era, creation and expansion of European Union, ASEAN. India’s changing relations with China, Japan and South Korea. 3. South Asia in the Post Cold War Era: Democratisation and its reversals in Pakistan and Nepal. Ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka. Impact of economic globalization on the region. Conflicts and efforts for peace in South Asia. India’s relation with its neighbours. 4. International Organisations in a Unipolar World: Restructuring and the future of the UN. India’s position in the restructured UN. Rise of new international actors: new international economic organisations, NGOs. How democratic and accountable are the new institution of global governance? 5. Security in Contemporary World: Traditional concerns of security and politics of disarmament. Non-traditional of human security: global poverty, health and education. Issues of human rights and migration. 6. Environment and Natural Resources in Global Politics: Environment movement and evolution of global environmental norms. Conflicts over traditional and common property resources. Right of indigenous people. India’s stand in global environmental debates. 7. Globalisation and its critics: Economic, cultural and political manifestations. Debates on the nature of consequences of globalization. Anti-globalisation movements. India as an arena of globalization and struggles against it.

Psychology – 324

Unit 1: Variations in Psychological Attributes 1. Introduction 2. Individual Differences in Human Functioning 3. Assessment of Psychological Attributes 4. Intelligence 5. Theories of Intelligence 6. Individual Differences in Intelligence 7. Culture and Intelligence 8. Emotional Intelligence 9. Special Abilities • Aptitude: Nature and Measurement 10. Creativity Unit 2: Self and Personality 1. Introduction 2. Self and Personality 3. Concept of Self 4. Cognitive and Behavioural Aspects of Self • Self-esteem • Self-efficacy • Self-regulation 5. Culture and Self 6. Concept of Personality 7. Major Approaches to the Study of Personality • Type Approaches • Trait Approaches • Psychodynamic Approach • Behavioural Approach • Cultural Approach • Humanistic Approach 8. Assessment of Personality • Self-report Measures • Projective Techniques • Behavioural Analysis 2 | Page Unit 3: Meeting Life Challenges 1. Introduction 2. Nature, Types and Sources of Stress 3. Effects of Stress on Psychological Functioning and Health • Stress and Health • General Adaptation Syndrome • Stress and Immune System • Lifestyle 4. Coping with Stress • Stress Management Techniques 5. Promoting Positive Health and Well-being • Life Skills Unit 4: Psychological Disorders 1. Introduction 2. Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders 3. Classification of Psychological Disorders 4. Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour 5. Major Psychological Disorders • Anxiety Disorders • Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders • Trauma- and Stressor- Related Disorders • Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders • Dissociative Disorders • Depressive Disorders • Bipolar and Related Disorders • Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders • Neurodevelopmental Disorders • Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders • Feeding and Eating Disorders • Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders 3 | Page Unit 5: Therapeutic Approaches 1. Introduction 2. Nature and Process of Psychotherapy • Therapeutic Relationship 3. Types of Therapies • Behaviour Therapy • Cognitive Therapy • Humanistic-existential Therapy • Factors Contributing to Healing in Psychotherapy • Ethics in Psychotherapy • Alternative Therapies 4. Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill Unit 6: Attitude and Social Cognition 1. Introduction 2. Explaining Social Behaviour 3. Nature and Components of Attitudes 4. Attitude Formation and Change 5. Prejudice and Discrimination 6. Strategies for Handling Prejudice Unit 7: Social Influence and Group Processes 1. Introduction 2. Nature and Formation of Groups 3. Types of Groups 4. Influence of Group on Individual Behaviour • Social Loafing • Group Polarization.

SOCIOLOGY – 326

Indian Society Unit – I: Structure of Indian Society • Demographic Structure • Rural – Urban Linkages and Divisions Unit – II: Social Institutions: Continuity and Change • Family and Kinship • The Caste System • Tribal Society • The Market as a Social Institution Unit – III: Social Inequality and Exclusion • Caste Prejudice, Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Class • Marginalisation of Tribal Communities • The Struggle for Women’s Equality • The Protection of Religious Minorities • Caring of the Different Abled Unit – IV: The Challenges of Unity in Diversity • Problems of Communalism, Regionalism and Casteism and Patriarchy • Communities, Nations & Nation States • Role of the State and Civil Society in a Plural and Unequal Society 2 | Page Change and Development in India. Unit – I: Process of Social Change in India • Process of Structural Change: Colonialism, Industrialisation, Urbanisation • Process of Cultural Change: Modernization, Westernisation, Sanskritisation, Secularisation • Social Reform Movements and Laws Unit- II: Social Change and the Polity • The Constitution as an instrument of Social Change • Parties, Pressure Groups and Democratic Politics • Panchayati Raj and the Challenges of Social Transformation Unit – III: Social Change and the Economy • Land Reforms, the Green Revolution and Agrarian Society • From Planned Industrialisation to Liberalisation • Changes in the Class Structure Unit – IV: New Arenas of Social Change • Media and Social Change • Globalisation and Social Change Unit – V: Social Movements • Class-Based Movements: Workers, Peasants • Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward Castes, Trends in Upper Caste Responses • Women’s Movements in Independent India • Tribal Movements • Environmental Movements

General Aptitude

General Test – 501

The Question paper will contain questions from the following topics:

• General Knowledge,
• Current Affairs,
• General Mental Ability,
• Numerical Ability,
• Reasoning (Simple application of basic mathematical concepts Quantitative arithmetic / algebra geometry / mensuration / statistics)
• Logical and Analytical Reasoning.
• General Science and Environment Literacy.

Disclaimer:
Before following the CUET UG 2026 syllabus, students are strongly advised to verify the latest and official syllabus details on the official website of the National Testing Agency (NTA). The information provided on this page is for educational and guidance purposes only. For the most accurate and updated syllabus, please visit the official CUET website: cuet.nta.nic.in.